From hhg.com.au: The High Court of Australia’s ruling in Kramer v Stone clarifies the doctrine of proprietary estoppel, establishing that verbal promises regarding property inheritance can be binding without the promisor’s knowledge of the recipient’s reliance.

The case emphasises four key elements for enforceability: a clear promise, reasonable expectation, demonstrable reliance, and substantial detriment.

This decision has significant implications for estate planning and farming communities, encouraging formal documentation and communication regarding property promises.